????: ?. ????? ????? (19\9\023)
????????????? ????? ???????? ?????????
????????????? (? ? ?): ???? (??????)? ??? ?????????? ????? ???????? ??????????? ?????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??????? ????????????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ???????????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????????. ??? (???? ?????????)? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ??????????.
?????????? Pestalozzi (1746- 1827?) ???? ??? ????:
???? ?????????? Pestalozzi : ???? ???????? ????? ???: “????? ??? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? [?????? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ????????]? ?????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????????”.
?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ???? Jean Jacques Rousseau( 1712- 1778) ????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?? (?????????? ?????????) ????? ??? ??????:
??????? Plato (428- 347 ?.?)
??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ??????? Plato ???? ???? (????????? The Republic) ?????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????? (?????????) ???????? ????????.
????? Aristotle (348- 322 ?.?)
??? ???? ??????????? ???????? ????? Aristotle ????? ???? (????????? ???????????)[1] ? ??????? ?????? ????????? ????????? ?????? ??? ???????.
????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????
??? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ?????? ????? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ???????????:
(?)[??? ????] ????? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ???????????? ??? ?? ??????? ???????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ????? ?? ???? ?? ????????. ???? ???? ??[??? ????] ????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????????.
???? ????? ??? ????????? (?????? ??????????) ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???? ?? “?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????????? ??????????? ????????? ?????????? ????????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????”.
(?)???[???????] ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????? ?? ?????? ?????????? ???????? ?? ??????????? ????? ?????? ?? ?? ????. ??? ???? ????????? ???? “????? ??? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?????? ??????”? ??? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ????????? ?? ???? ???????? ??????? ??????. ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????????? ?????:
“?? ????????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ??????? ?? ???????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????”. ??? ???: “????? ????? ???????? ???? ???????? ?? ?????????? ??? ??? ??????? ?????? ????????? ??? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????”? ??? ???? ??????: “?? ???? ?? ???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?? ?????????? ????? ??? ??? ???????”.
(?) [??? ????? ???????]: ??????? [??? ????? ???????] ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????????. ??? ????? ???????? ?????:
(?????) ?????? ????????: ??? ????? ?????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ????????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ?? ?????????? ??? ?? ?????? ????????? (???????) ???? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ?? ?????? ???????. ???? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???????? ???????.
(??????) ?????? ???????: ???? [?????????] ????? ??? ????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ????? ????????? ???????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????? ????????.
????????? ??????????? ???????????
??? ??? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ????????? ??????????? ????????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ??????? (??????????? ?????????) ????????? ?????????. ????? ?? ??????? ???????????? ????? ????? (?????????) ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ????????? ????????.
???? ??????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ????????? ?? ????? [????????] ?? ?????? (?????) ?????? ????? ?? ???????? ???????? ????? ?????? (?????????)? ??????? ????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????? ????????? ????? ????.
??????? ?? ??? ????? (??????????) ?????? ????????? ???????????? (????????) ??? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????.
???? ????????? ?(???? ???????? ??????????)
??? ?????? ???? ????????? ??(???? ???????? ??????????) ??? ?? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ??????????? ?? ?????????? ???? ??? ??????- ?? ??? ???? ??? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????? ?? ????? ??????- ??????? ??? ??????? ????? ?????????? ??????????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?????.
??? (???????? ????????? ???? ?????????? ???????)? ?????? ??? ???????? ???:
(?)?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ???????? ???????.
(?) ?????.
(?)??? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ??? ????: ????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????????? ??????? ??????? ????????? ?????????? ??????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???????.
(?)????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?? ??? ????????.
(?) ????? ????????? ?????????????? ?????????? ??? ?? ???? (??? ?????????? ???????????) ??.
(?)????? ???????? ??? ?? ??????? ???? ????????? ???? ???????? ???????????? ??????????? ?? ????? ??? ??? ??????? ??? (????????? ?????????? ???????????? ???????????)? ??? ??????????? ?????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????????? ??????????.
????? ???????:
1-?. ????? ?????: ??????? ????? ??????????(1 ? 12 ???) ???????????? (12 ? 21 ???).
1-?.
????? ?????:
????? ??????????
??????????? ?? ????? (????? ?????? ????????).
[1] – [??????????? ??????? Early Adolescnce: 12-14???]? ?[??????????? ????????? Adolescnce Middle: 15-17 ???]? ?? ????????? ?????????????? ????????????. ?????? ??????????? ????? “???? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ???????? ???????? ????????? ?????? ????????? ??????? ???????.
???? ????? ???????? ?????????? ???? (???? ??)? ????? ????????
?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ????????
?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ????? (?????) ????????.
?????? ??????????? ?????? Andrei Nikolaevich Lankov
???? ???? ???? ??? ???? ????????? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???????? ? ??? ?? ????? ??? ?? ? ????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ??????.