?????? ??????? ???? ??????? ?????: ?? ?????? ??????? ????? ???? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?? “????? ???? ???? ??????? Pan African Writers Association ?(PAWA)? ?????? ???????? ??? ????? “??????? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ?? ??????”? ???? ???? ??????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ????? ( 1986).

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?????? ?????????? ??????? ???? ??? ????????? ??? ???????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??? ??? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????????? ???? “?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???????? ??? ?????? ????????? ?? ???? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ??? ????? 38 ???”. ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ?? ????????? ??????? ?????? ??????? ?????? (World Organization of Writers ? WOW) ??? ?????? ?????? “???????? ?? ????? ????? ???????”. ???? ???? ??? ????? ????? ??????? (ANA)

????? ?????? ???? ????? ?????????? “????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????????  (PAWA)?   ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ??????? ?????? ???? ??????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?? ????? ???? ?????? ??????? ? ??? ???? ????? ?????  ?????? ???? ?????? ??????  ?????? ?? ?? ????? ????? ???? ?????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?? ??? ?? ???? ????? ???????? ????????????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????.

????? ???? ???????? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ???????? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?? ????? ???? “???? ????????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ????????? ???? ???? ????? ????????? ????? ?? ??????? ?????????”.

???? ??????? ??? “?? ????? ??? ????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ???? ???? ?????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ???? ???????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ??????? ?????????? ???? ?? ???? ???? ?? ????? ???????? ????????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????”.

???? ???? ???? ?????? ????????? ??????? ????? ??? ?? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ??? “????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????????? ??? ???? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ????????? ??? ??????? ??????”? ?????? ????? ??”??? ??????? ?? ?????? ???????? ??? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ????? ????? ?????? ????????”.

?? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???? ???? ????? ???????? ????????? ???????? ?? “?????? ???? ???????? ????? ???? ????? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? 1986? ??? ????? ???? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ????? ??? ?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ??????”.

????? ??????: “?????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??? ????? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? ????? ????? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???? ???? ?? ?????? ?? ??? ??????? ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ??????? ???? ??????”.

??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ?? “????? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ?? ??? ????? ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???????? ??????? ?????? ???? ???????”? ????? ??? ?? “????????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ?????????”? ?????? ??? ????? ??”???????? ???? ???????? ????? ???????? ?????????”.

?? ?????? ?????? ????? ????????? ??????? ????????? ???? ??? ????? ??? “?????? ???????? ??????? ?? ??? ????? ??? ????? ????? ???? ????? ?????? ???? ?????? ?? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????????”? ????? ??? “?????? ???? ???? ????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ????? ???????? ?? ????? ??????”.

????? ?????: “??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???????”? ????? ??? ??? “?? ?????? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ??? ????????? ????????? ??? ?? ??? ?? ???? ???? ?? ?? ?????? ????????? ???????”? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? “?????? ??? ???? ?? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???????? ???????? ?????? ??? ??????? ????????”.

? ???? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ?? ???????? ??????? ?? ????? ??????? ?????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????? ??????? ????? ???? ?????? ???? ?????? ?????????? ????? ???? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?????? ????? ??????? ????-????? ???????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?????????.

????? ???????? ??????? ????????? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ????? ?????? ???????? ?? ???? ????? ????? ??? ????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ???????? ????????.

????? ???????? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ?? ????? ?? ??? ????????? ?????? ??????????? ??????? ???????? ??????? ? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ??? ???????: “??? ?? ??????? ????. ??? ????? ????? ?????? ??????. ??? ????? ?????? ??? ????? ???? ??? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???????”.

????? ???? ???????  ???????? ?? ?? ??? ???????? ???????? ?“???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? ?????? ???????????? ????? ?? ?????? ??????? ???????”.

???? ??????? ?? ????? ??? ??????? ?????? ???????? ??????? ???? ?????? ???? ??? ?? ????? ????? ???????? “??? ???????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???????”? ?????: “?????? ???? ????? ???? ????? ????? ?? ???? ??? ?????? ?????

????? ?????? ????: “?? ?????? ??? ?? ???? ???? ????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ???? ????????? ???? ??? ??? ?????? ???? ?? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ?????? ???????? ??? ??????? ??? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ???? ?????? ???????? ???? ???”.

“?? ???? ?? ??????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ?? ?????? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ????? ??????? ?? ????? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ??? ????? ?????? ?? ??????? ????? ???????? ?????? ?? ??? ???????? ????? ????????? ??? ????? ???? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ?????????? ??? ??????”? ?????? ??????? ??? ?? ???? ?? “?????? ????? ?????? ??? ??? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ????? ??????? ??????????”.

???? ?????? ????????? ?????? ?? ?????? ???? ????? ???????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????????: “?? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?? ???? ??? ????? ???? ?? ???????? ??? ???? ?????? ?????? ??????? ???? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ??? ?????? ?? ??????? ???? ???? ??? ???????? ???? ???”? ????? ?? “????????? ???? ?????? ????? ???????? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????”.

???? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??? 1986 ?? “?????? ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ??? ???????? ??? ????????????? ?? ?????? ???? ??? ??????? ??????????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?? ???? ??? ??????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ?? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ??????????”.

???????? ??? ?? ??? ???? ?? ??????? ????????? ??? ??????? ???? ??? ??????? ??? “????? ??? ???????????? ?????????? ???? ???? ?????? ?????????? ?? ???????? ???? ?? ????? ?????? ???? ?? ??????? ?? ????? ????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?? ??? ?? ???? ?????????? ?? ??? ????? ???????? ??? ??????? ???? ?????”.

??? ????? ?? ????????? ?????? ?????? ??? ?????? ??? “?? ??? ???? ???? ??????? ???? ????? ??? ?????? ??? ????? ??????? ?????? ????? ??? ??????? ??? ?? ????? ?????? ?????????? ???? ????? ?? ??? ?????? ???? ??????? ???? ?????? ?? ?????? ???????”.

???????? ???? ????? ?????? ????? ????????? ???? ?????? ??? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ???????? ??????? ??? ???????? ??????? ????????? ??? “?? ????? ?? ??? ???????? ?? ??? ??????? ???? ???? ???????? ???????? ???????? ?? ????? ?? ????? ???????? ???????? ????? ????? ????????”? ????: “??? ??? ?? ????? ?? ???? ?????? ??????? ??? ????? ?????? ??? ???? ????? ??? ?? ???? ??????? ??????? ??? ???????? ?? ???????? ????????? ??? ?? ?? ???? ?? ???? ?? ???? ???? ???????”? ????? ????? “???? ????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ??????? ???????? ?? ??????? ??? ????? ?? ???? ??? ???????? ?????????”.

????? ?? ??? ??????? ??????? ?? ???????? ???????? ?? 13 ????? 1934? ?????? ??? ???? ?????? ????????? ?? ???????? ??? ??? ?? ??????? ????????? ?????? ????? ?????? ?? ???? ?????? ?? ???? ???? ?? ???? ????? ???? ?? ????.

??? ?????? ??? ??????? ??? 1960 ?????? ?? ????? ?????? ????????? ??? ???? ???? ????????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????. ??? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ?????????? ??????? ??? ??????? ?? ?????? “??? ?????”.

????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ?????? “??????” ?”????? ????????”. ??? ???? ???? ??????? ?????? ?????? ????? ??? 1973. ????? ?????? ?????? ??????? ?? ??????? ????????? ?? ??????? ????????? ??????? ???????.